Typically, benzodiazepine withdrawal is characterized by sleep disturbance, irritability, increased tension and anxiety, depression, panic attacks, hand tremor, shaking, sweating, difficulty with concentration, confusion and cognitive difficulty, memory problems, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight loss, burning sensations and pain in the upper spine, palpitations, headache, nightmares, tinnitus, muscular pain and stiffness, depersonalization, restless legs syndrome, seizures, suicidal ideation, and a host of perceptual changes.

Benzodiazepine withdrawal can also lead to disturbances in mental function that persist for several months or years after onset of symptoms (referred to as post-acute-withdrawal syndrome in this form).

Withdrawal symptoms can be managed by educating patients about the nature and expected course of benzodiazepine withdrawal, individualized taper strategies according to withdrawal severity, the addition of alternative strategies such as reassurance, and referral to benzodiazepine withdrawal support groups.

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It’s always fun to “check the temperature” of the English world by looking at the top reads of the day. But I can’t for the life of me figure out why it’s “mathematics” and “lists of equations”. Anyone have a hint?

(also RIP to RJ, breakfast king of Albuquerque 🥺)

I've heard a lot about the glass ceiling, but not about this.

During the early part of the 20th century, American youth entered high schools at a rapid rate, mainly due to the building of new schools, and a shifting focus towards a "life adjustment curriculum" focused on adolescents' immediate and personal needs. In 1910 18% of 15- to 18-year-olds were enrolled in a high school; barely 9% of all American 18-year-olds graduated. By 1940, 73% of American youths were enrolled in high school and the median American youth had a high school diploma.

The United States exceeded Europe and Russia in mass secondary education. The American system of education was characterized as open to many students, forgiving, lacking universal standards, and academic. On the other hand, the European system was closed, unforgiving, with uniform standards, and academic for some and industrial for others. Secondary schools in America were free and generally accessible, while in most of Europe they were costly and often inaccessible with difficult entrance exams.

my favourite pope moment, although i am also partial to the alleged Pope John the Joan and the time the church decided the best solution to having two rival popes was electing a third pope.