r/HistoricalLinguistics • • 3h ago

Language Reconstruction Hamito-Semitic & Indo-European *mw, *g^

2 Upvotes

Hamito-Semitic & Indo-European *mw, *g^

-

Robert Cerantonio's idea that Afroasiatic is the source of IE (https://linguisticsandnonsense.wordpress.com/author/robertcerantonio/) has led to some good speculation, but I can't agree with many details. In additon to simple matches like *kuwan-, *k^uwon- 'dog'; *mag-, *meg^H2- 'many, big'; *ʔet, *Hed- ‘eat’; *gW-r-ʕ, *gWerH3- ‘swallow'; *k'W-m, *kWem(H) ‘swallow’; *ś-r-p ‘drink’, *sreb(h); etc. (https://www.academia.edu/167888674), it is important that m & n (often retained unchanged for many thousands of years in most environments) keep matching in a range of roots (or the same root with several meanings, depending on which was original):

HS *mun- 'be, remain', IE *men- 'to stay, remain, dwell'

HS *man- “know, count, understand', IE *men- 'to think, know, count, love'

HS *muneʔ- 'love', *mun- 'heart, liver', IE *men- 'to think, know, count, love'

HS *min- 'want', *men- 'to think, know, count, love'

HS *mon- 'move, go, come, return', IE *menH1- (W. myn(e)d 'go, become', MI muinithir 3s. 'go around', U. menes 'will come', Li. mi̇̇̀nti 'to trample'; also Uralic *men(j)e- ‘to go’)

-

So many roots of this type matching in meaning is hardly due to chance. There are other pieces of ev. that make me think IE > HS instead.

-

HS *laq ‘lap up, lick’, IE *lakH2-?, Ar. lakem 'lick' rel. lap(h)H2- ’lap up, lick, drink greedily'?

HS *l-b ‘lap’, IE *(s)lab \ *(s)leb ? ‘lap, smack, lips, hang down’

HS *lihab- 'burn, be bright, glow, heat', IE *laH2p- 'burn, glow; flame'

HS *layan-, *lisč ? 'be soft', IE *le(i)H1- (*leH1no-, *lH1d-sk^e -> Gmc *latskwa-?)

HS *liwb > *lib \ *lub 'heart', IE *leubh- 'love' (like *muneʔ- 'love', *mun- 'heart')

HS *mVlog- 'bosom, udder; suck', IE *melH2g^\H2melg^- '(to) milk' (Gmc. *miluk-)

HS *muk- 'press', IE *maH2k\mH2ak-, *menH2k- 'to press, knead' (S. macate 'pound, grind')

HS *macִ̣(cִ̣)- 'press', *maH2g^- 'to work with one's hands, knead' (Hg^ > xc^ > CC?)

HS *mVl- 'speak, call', IE *mel(C)- (G. mélos 'song, strain, tune', H. māldi⁠ 3s. 'to recite, make a vow', Gmc *melþō- 'inform, announce')

HS *moriʔ- \ *moriḥ- 'fat, grease, oil', IE *(s)meru(r)

HS *n- \ n-y ‘not’- PIE *n(eH1) ‘not, no’

HS *luġab- 'be tired', *slHg-nu-? > L. languēre 'to be faint, weak, listless, idle' (a very long root for HS, so the IE extension in -nu- would fit; maybe *nu-V > *nuw-V > *nub (with met.)?)

-
Some IE with *me- vs. *mu- match HS *m(Vw)-, likely from *mw- in both:

IE *mwezg- 'dip, wash', HS *mwaxq > *maq- \ *muq- \ *-x 'wet, pour'

IE *muzg-en-, HS *muqeq- 'marrow, brain' (O & S: "Derived from *muq- “be wet”? Cf. Skt majjan- “brain”, Av mazga id., Slav *mozgъ id. ~ IE *mezg- “dip, sink”." but better *mwezg-, *muzg- to explain IE vowel alt. e \ u (the same as in HS *maq\muq), https://www.academia.edu/165248349)

&

IE *mH2ad- > S. mad- ‘be drunk’, Av. mað- ‘get drunk’, mádya- ‘intoxicating (drink)’, L. madēre ‘be moist/wet/drunk’; *mudH2 \ *H2mud 'wet' (both < *mwaH2d in https://www.academia.edu/128652338)

HS *mawacִ̣- \ *mayacִ̣- 'wash'; *mač- “be drunk, WChad *miwač - 'beer' (surely the same original root; O & S: "Or mačaw -. Note -č preserved in Or in contrast to the expected reflex of HS *č > LEC *s, *š" which might require *dy > *ty > various C or S (as mádya-; note *d > *t in *Hed- 'eat' > HS)

-
Two roots (for now, maybe more yet to be found) seem to show HS *g > Egyptian ḏ (the normal result of palatalization) without any cause. If both palatalization of *g and original HS *g^ merged, then their origin from IE roots with *g^(h) would be significant:

HS *mVlog- 'bosom, udder; suck', IE *melH2g^- \ *H2melg^- 'to milk' (O & S: "Eg mnḏ “bosom, udder”... Note the progressive palatalization of *-g-.")

IE *ig^hduH-s, HS *igdos- ? > *dgosi- 'fish' (standard rec. *g-, but Sibine *dg- > dose, plural gose; *g^os or *(d)gyos ? > Eg ḏs 'kind of fish')

-
There are also several semantic similarities (the same roots for 'soak' & 'marrow', above). In HS, the same word for 'king' & 'foreigner' led O & S to say that it might show that kings were of foreign origin. However, IE *ghosti-s is both 'host, guest', so a reciprocal relation (as one speaking to the other used the same word; in some American languages, also the same for 'grandchild, grandparent').