Lately, I've been thinking about how little control women in middle-class Indian families often have over their own lives. Their dreams are treated as unimportant, their financial independence is considered optional, and their futures are planned around marriage rather than their own ambitions.
Coming from a middle-class Indian family, I've witnessed this discrimination firsthand.
Parents are often willing to send their sons to another city for higher education. They arrange the money for admission to a good college, encourage them to pursue professional degrees, and dream of seeing them become engineers, doctors, or successful professionals. They invest in their sons' futures because they want them to be financially secure.
But when it comes to daughters, the expectations are often very different.
Daughters are expected to pursue inexpensive degrees like a BA or MA. Moving out of the city for education is discouraged unless it's a government college or a job. Their ambitions are weighed against the cost of education, their safety, and the belief that they will eventually get married and move into their husband's home anyway.
The difference doesn't end with education.
Many families try to build assets for their sons so that even if they don't earn enough, they have something to fall back on. They might buy land, build a house, or leave behind property that generates rental income. Sons are often considered the natural heirs to family wealth.
Daughters, meanwhile, are called paraya dhan.
They grow up hearing that their parents' house isn't really theirs because they will eventually have to leave it. They are told that their husband's house will become their home.
But what does that actually mean?
Does a daughter stop being a member of her family just because she gets married? Why is she expected to leave behind not only her childhood home but also any expectation of financial security from her parents?
Families may spend enormous amounts on a daughter's wedding and dowry, sometimes exhausting years of savings in the process. Yet these expenses don't necessarily provide her with any long-term financial security. And after spending all that money on her marriage, she may even be made to feel that she has no right to claim her share of the family inheritance.
But what happens if her marriage fails?
Where does she go?
What if she faces abuse, financial dependence, abandonment, or simply finds herself in a marriage that no longer works? Will she be able to leave if she has no savings, no property, no stable income, and no family willing to support her?
We all know that returning to her parents' home doesn't always mean returning to a place where she will be welcomed and respected. She may be reminded that she is a burden, that she belongs to her husband's family now, or that her parents have already spent enough on her wedding.
So why don't we invest in our daughters' independence instead?
Instead of spending a fortune on weddings and dowry, why not invest that money in their education, professional skills, and financial future? Why not help them buy a small piece of land, build savings, or acquire an asset in their own name?
Why is a daughter's wedding considered a parent's responsibility, but her financial independence is so often treated as unnecessary?
A marriage should be a relationship a woman chooses to remain in, not a situation she is forced to tolerate because she has nowhere else to go.
And financial security shouldn't depend on whether her husband is good to her, whether her marriage survives, or whether her parents are willing to take her back.
I'm not saying parents shouldn't celebrate their daughters' weddings or support them after marriage. I'm asking why we don't put the same energy, money, and planning into securing their futures as independent individuals.
A daughter shouldn't have to choose between an unhappy marriage and homelessness. She shouldn't have to beg for a place in the home where she grew up. And she shouldn't have to prove that her marriage has failed before she is allowed to need financial support.
If parents can spend their lifetime building a secure future for their sons, why can't they do the same for their daughters?
Why should a daughter's future depend so heavily on the kindness of a husband when her own family could have helped her build a life of her own?
Perhaps the greatest gift parents can give their daughters isn't an extravagant wedding. It's the education, assets, financial independence, and confidence to know that even if life doesn't turn out as planned, they will still have a home, dignity, and the freedom to make their own choices.