Pierced faience plaque

Faience plaque with part of a hieroglyphic inscription naming a 'beloved king's daughter' (name now lost). The piercing at the corner suggests that the object was suspended or attached to a larger votive item. In clearing the temple of Hatshepsut of the 18th Dynasty, the Egypt Exploration Fund discovered large numbers of votive offerings placed as prayers or thanks to the goddess Hathor. The majority of these offerings seem to have been made by women, and were probably intended to guarantee fertility and safe birth. Those making offerings to Hathor at Deir el-Bahari evidently included members of every level of society, up to and including the royal family.

Present location
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF IRELAND [30/002] DUBLIN
Inventory number
1904:540
Dating
18TH DYNASTY
Archaeological Site
DEIR EL-BAHARI
Category
MEDALLION ?
Material
FAIENCE
Technique
PRESSED IN A FORM/MODEL; PAINTED

Translation
[king's ?] beloved daughter [..]
OR king's daughter Mer[et-..]

The good god, Lord ...

Title
Pierced faience plaque,18th Dynasty , Findspot Deir el Bahri, Faience,The Global Egyptian Museum

https://globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=2220

The Global Egyptian Museum

Bust of a Female Statue

The bust of a female statue. The face, characterized as no longer young, is framed by a heavy and elaborate wig crowned by a wreath of lotus flowers, with two short tresses in front and three long ones behind. Around the neck is a decorated usekh collar; on the shoulders, the remains of the elaborate drapery of the dress (or of a cloak) are still visible. The right arm hangs down along the side, while the left one is bent, the hand holding a lotus flower. On the back, the upper part of the back of a seat can be seen.

Present location
MUSEO ARCHEOLOGICO NAZIONALE/MUSEO EGIZIO [05/027] FLORENCE
Inventory number
5626
Dating
18TH DYNASTY
Archaeological Site
UNSPECIFIED
Category
STATUE
Material
LIMESTONE
Technique
HEWN
Height
50.5 cm

Bibliography
E. Schiaparelli, Museo Archeologico di Firenze-Antichità Egizie, Roma, 1887, pg. 217, n. 1515.
D.Arnold, The Royal Women of Amarna, New York, 1996, pg. 124-126, fig. 122
Title
Bust of a female statue,18th Dynasty, Findspot unknown Egypt, Limestone, The Global Egyptian Museum

https://globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=9882

The Global Egyptian Museum

Worship of Osiris

The large private stela of Mai bears a remarkable scene which fills the upper register, in which king Sethos I is shown approaching the triad of Abydos in a deferential manner. Osiris, 'ruler of eternity and lord of the everlasting' is seated on a royal throne, his body wrapped in a funerary shroud and wearing a typical Osirian crown. In front of the throne stands a large lotus flower, on top of which are the four Sons of Horus. The god of the dead is accompanied by his spouse Isis and his son Horus, 'the avenger of his father'. The king is followed by a young man, the future Ramesses II, carrying a flail in his left hand. On the lower part of the stela, the owner Mai, who was attached to the temple of Sethos I at Abydos, is shown in an adoring attitude in front of an offering table.

Present location
KMKG - MRAH [07/003] BRUSSELS
Inventory number
E.5300
Dating
SETHOS I/MENMAATRE
Archaeological Site
ABYDOS
Category
STELA
Material
LIMESTONE
Technique
LOW RELIEF; HEWN; ENGRAVED; PAINTED
Height
94.5 cm
Width
60 cm

Bibliography
L. Speleers, Recueil des inscriptions égyptiennes des Musées Royaux du Cinquantenaire à Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1923, 63 nº 262
(M. Werbrouck,) Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Bruxelles. Département égyptien, Album, Bruxelles 1934, pl. 39
L. Limme, Egyptische stèles - Stèles égyptiennes, Bruxelles 1979, 28-31
J.-Ch. Balty, e.a., Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis, Brussel, Oudheid - Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Bruxelles, Antiquité - The Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels, Antiquity, Bruxelles 1988, 24-25
F. Lefebvre et B. Van Rinsveld, L'Égypte. Des Pharaons aux Coptes, Bruxelles 1990, 129

Title
Worship of Osiris, Reign of SETHOS I/MENMAATRE, Findspot Abydos, Limestone,The Global Egyptian Museum

https://globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=762

The Global Egyptian Museum

[ Removed by Reddit on account of violating the content policy. ]

Lid of coffin of Khonstefnakht

The lid of the anthropoid coffin of Khonstefnakht dates from the 4th century BC. The head, which has a false beard, is distinguished by its large eyes and the red-brown skin colour. Khonstefnakht wears a blue and white striped wig and on his chest is a broad collar. The body of the coffin is covered with representations of divinities in two registers, and with hieroglyphic inscriptions in vertical columns. The first register shows an illustration of the famous chapter 125 of the 'Book of the Dead', perhaps better known as 'the weighing of the heart'. In the second register, the god Anubis is shown embalming the body of the deceased which lies on a funerary bed. The right-hand scene shows the god Re-Harakhty in the solar barque. The interior of the lid is covered with a figure of the goddess Nut, accompanied by 24 genies who represent the 12 hours of the day and the 12 of the night.
Present location
KMKG - MRAH [07/003] BRUSSELS
Inventory number
E.0586
Dating
LATE PERIOD
Archaeological Site
EL-HIBA
Category
COFFIN/SARCOPHAGUS LID
Material
WOOD; FLAX
Technique
SCULPTURED; PAINTED ON STUCCO; DRAWING; WRITTEN WITH A REED PEN/REED WITH SPLIT NIB

Bibliography
L. Speleers, Recueil des inscriptions égyptiennes des Musées Royaux du Cinquantenaire à Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1923, 89-91 nº 337
(M. Werbrouck,) Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Bruxelles. Département égyptien, Album, Bruxelles 1934, pl. 87
M.-P. Vanlathem, Oudegyptische lijkkisten en mummies - Cercueils et momies de l'Égypte ancienne, Bruxelles 1983, 20-21
Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis. Algemene gids met plan - Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire. Guide général et plan, Bruxelles 1989, 12
F. Lefebvre et B. Van Rinsveld, L'Égypte. Des Pharaons aux Coptes, Bruxelles 1990, 237, 241, 246, 252
Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis, Jubelparkmuseum - Musées royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Musée du Cinquantenaire - Königlichen Museen für Kunst und Geschichte, Jubelparkmuseum - Royal Museums for Art and History, Cinquantenaire Museum, Bruxelles 1994, 16
Museumstukken als figuranten in een stripverhaal - ...Quand la BD s'inspire des objets du Musée (Exposition), Bruxelles 1996, 15

Title
Lid of coffin of Khonstefnakht, Late Period, Findspot EL-HIBA, Wood and Flax, The Global Egyptian Museum

https://globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=139

The Global Egyptian Museum

Stele of Sheditef

Egyptian
First Intermediate Period, Dynasty 7–11
2143–1991 B.C.
Findspot: Egypt, Mesheikh, Tomb 102

MEDIUM/TECHNIQUE
Limestone

DIMENSIONS
Overall: 73 x 48 x 10 cm, 52.2 kg (28 3/4 x 18 7/8 x 3 15/16 in., 115 lb.)

CREDIT LINE
Harvard University—Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition

ACCESSION NUMBER
12.1477

OUT ON LOAN

COLLECTIONS
Ancient Egypt, Nubia and the Near East

CLASSIFICATIONS
Architectural elements – Stele

DESCRIPTION
This limestone slab from the tomb of Sheditef depicts the tomb owner and his wife holding hands and facing to the right. There is a small male figure between them, probably their son. Another small figure stands before Sheditef, offering him a drink. The inscription above the figures contains an offerng formula. The entire scene is enclosed by a border on three sides. Both the scene and the inscription are incised, and much of the red, yellow, and black paint remains.

PROVENANCE
From Mesheikh, tomb 102. Excavated by the Harvard University-Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition; 1912: assigned to the MFA by the government of Egypt.

(Accession Date: December 5, 1912)

Title
Stele of Sheditef, First Intermediate Period, Dynasty 7–112143–1991 B.C., Findspot Mesheikh, Tomb 102, Limestone, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/148/stele-of-sheditef?ctx=87cf1655-ef97-4a47-9f06-9e8ac7c7093b&idx=3

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Hello r/ancientegypt ! are we totally sure a red/white crown ever actually existed as a physical crown? from what ive heard, we havent ever found a physical one, we've only seen them represented in art / mentioned in texts

are there any texts talking about the pharaoh actually physically wearing / owning a white/red crown, or any remnants of one or anything? :)

thanks in advance!

The existing texts are written by men to men. But what about women? What knowledge and wisdom by women or to women from ancient Kemet exists?

Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty, c. 2498-2345 B.C.
From the Mastaba of Kaemrehu, Saqqara Necropolis
Now in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. CG 1534

LOST ANCIENT HIGH TECHNOLOGY IS LIT!

Upper part of a seated statuette of King Amenemhat III

Accession number
ÄS 6762

Current Location
Gallery "Art and Form"

Date
c. 1818–1773 BC, Amenemhat III, 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Egypt (Stylistics)

Material
Ophite (verd antique)

Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth: 10.7 x 7.5 x 4.8 cm

Geographic Origin
Unknown

Provenance
Since 1981, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1981, Auction / Dealer: Antikenhandel Heinz Herzer, München

Individuals / Institutions
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst

References
Simon, Connor, Être et paraître: statues royales et privées de la fin du Moyen Empire et de la Deuxième Période intermédiaire (1850-1550 av. J.-C.), London 2020, cf. 39 Anm. 167, 41, 222, 355, Tf. 128, 5.11a.
Connor, Simon, The Statue of the Steward Nemtyhotep (Berlin ÄM 15700) and some Considerations about Royal and Private Portrait under Amenemhat III, in: Miniaci, Gianluca / Grajetzki, Wolfram (Hg.), The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000–1550 BC) I, Middle Kingdom Studies (MKS) 1, London 2015, 57–79, cf. 61 mit Anm. 35, 62, 71, Kat.-Nr. 58.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Das Münchner Buch der Ägyptischen Kunst, München 2013, cf. 73 mit Abb. 62.
Wildung, Dietrich / Schoske, Sylvia, Last Exit Munich - Altägyptische Meisterwerke aus Berlin, München 2009, cf. 55 mit Abb., 57, Kat.-Nr. 41.
Wildung, Dietrich (Hg.), Ägypten 2000 V. Chr. Die Geburt des Individuums, München 2000, cf. 125, 131 mit Abb., 184 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 57.
Malek, Jaromir / Magée, Diana / Miles, Elizabeth, PM. VIII. Topographical bibliography VIII/ Objects of provenance not known. Part I. Royal statues. Private statues (Predynastic to Dynasty XVII), Oxford 1999, cf. 22-23, Nr. 800-491-300.
Grimm, Alfred / Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Pharao - Kunst und Herrschaft im alten Ägypten, Kaufbeuren 1997, cf. 62-63 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 46.
Schoske, Sylvia, 1995. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Ägyptische Staatssammlung, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 46, 1995, 177-186, cf. 185, Anm. 24.
Schoske, Sylvia (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie, Mainz am Rhein 1995, cf. 9-10 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 4.
Polz, Felicitas, Die Bildnisse Sesotris ´III. und Amenhemets III. Bermerkungen zur königlichen Rundplatik der späten 12. Dynastie, in: Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK) 51, 1995, 227-254, cf. 233, Anm. 28, 238 Anm. 68, 243, Anm. 94.
Schoske, Sylvia, Egyptian art in Munich, München 1993, cf. 17-18 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 14.
Holthoer, Rostislav, Muinainen Egypti: hetki ikuisuudesta - Tampere Art Museum, 30.8.1993 - 2.1.1994 (Ancient Egypt, a moment of eternity), Tampere 1993, cf. 143, Kat.-Nr. 102.
Schoske, Sylvia, Symmetrophobia - Symmetrie und Asymmetrie im frühen Ägypten und im Zweistromland, in: Joedicke, Joachim Andreas (Hg.), Symmetrie in Kunst, Natur und Wissenschaft I. : Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt, 1. Juni bis 24. August 1986, Darmstadt 1986, 151-156, cf. Abb. 8 S. 156.
Herzer, Heinz / Schoske, Sylvia / Wederer, Rolf / Wildung, Dietrich, Ägyptische und moderne Skulptur. Aufbruch und Dauer [die Ausstellung wird gezeigt im Museum Morsbroich, Städtisches Museum Leverkusen, Schloß Morsbroich, 24. Januar - 31. März 1986 und in der Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, München, 18. April - 22. Juni 1986], München 1986, cf. 116 mit Abb. 48, 118, Kat.-Nr. 48.
Wildung, Dietrich, Unsichtbare Realitäten sichtbar gemacht. Ägyptische Kunst als Sehschule, in: Kunst & Antiquitäten Heft IV, 1985, 18-25, cf. 23 mit Abb. 7.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Ägyptische Kunst München. Katalog-Handbuch zur Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, München 1985, cf. 34, Abb. S. 36-37, Kat.-Nr. 22/23.
Wildung, Dietrich, ohne Titel, in: Kunst & Antiquitäten 4, 1984, , cf. 23 mit Abb. 7.
Wildung, Dietrich, Sesostris und Amenemhet. Ägypten im Mittleren Reich, München 1984, cf. 204-205 mit Abb. 180.
Wildung, Dietrich, 1982. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 32, 1982, 187-202, cf. 190-193 mit Abb. 3-5.
Altenmüller, Hartwig, Das Menschenbild im alten Ägypten; Ausstellung vom 12. August - 29. Oktober 1982, Hamburg 1982, cf. 36 mit Abb. S. 37, Kat.-Nr. 8.

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot; Datenredaktion: Nora Heil.

Last change
K30.07.2026, 11:24

Title
Upper part of a seated statuette of King Amenemhat III, c. 1818–1773 BC, Amenemhat III, 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (Stylistics), Findspot unknown Egypt, Ophite (verd antique), Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/statue-statuary-526?sort=field=sortInv%26order=asc%26type=text&offset=644

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Figurine of a Hippopotamus

Accession number
ÄS 1571

Current Location
Gallery "Artisan Crafts"

Date
c. 2009–1630 BC, 11th–13th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Egypt (References)

Material
Faience

Dimensions
Height x Width x Length: 3.8 x 2.8 x 5.8 cm

Geographic Origin
Unknown

Provenance
Sincd 1970, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1949–1970, Institution: Ägyptische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates
1945–1949, Institution: Central Collecting Point
1936–1945, Institution: Ägyptologische Sammlung des Staates
vor 1936, Collection: Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing (1873–1956)

Individuals / Institutions
Friedrich Wilhelm Bissing

References
Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie / Schlüter, Arnulf unter Mitarbeit von Perrot, Anne-Hélène / Kutschka, Markus (Hg.), Kindheit am Nil. Aufwachsen im Alten Ägypten, München 2025, cf. 244 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 9 [N. Böckler].
Malek, Jaromir / Magée Diana / Miles, Elizabeth, PM VIII. 2. Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, statues, reliefs and paintings. VIII/ Objects of provenance not known. Part 2. Private statues (Dynasty XVIII to the Roman Period), statues of deities, Oxford 1999, cf. 1141.
Wildung, Dietrich, Nilpferd und Krokodil. Das Tier in der Kunst des alten Ägypten, Schriften aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung (SAS) 4, München 1987, cf. Abb. S. 12, Kat.-Nr. 5.
Müller, Hans Wolfgang / Löhr, Beatrix (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, München 1976, cf. 67, Kat.-Nr. 44.
Bissing, Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von, Altägyptische Nilpferd-Statuetten, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 4, 1909, 127-131, cf. 130 mit Abb. 6.

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann.

Last change
06.07.2026, 13:08

Title
Figurine of a hippopotamus, c. 2009–1630 BC, 11th–13th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Egypt (References), Findspot unknown Egypt, Faience, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/statuette-statuary-1546?sort=field=sortInv%26order=asc%26type=text&offset=223

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Hy, I'm currently studying a bit of ancient egyptian culture, more specifically during the old kingdom, and I'm a bit confused.

It's my understanding that they believed that after death their heart would be weight and compared to a feather, but I saw in a few places that the mummification was a step of this processes.

So does that mean that they believed that if you weren't mummified your heart would not be weight? So what did they thought happened to the commoners that weren't mummified?

Sorry if the english is a bit broken, it's my second language.

Glass chalice with the throne name of Thutmosis III

Accession number
AS 630

Current Location
Gallery "Artisan Crafts"

About the object
The small vessel made of light blue glass with one and melted dark blue and yellow glass threads and -drops counts, thanks to the cartouche with the throne name Thutmosis III. (around 1479–1425 BC), among the oldest securely dated glass vessels in Egypt.

The technology of glass production had only recently been developed in the Near East, and it was likely brought by the king during one of his campaigns against the Mitanni Kingdom. The new material of glass was particularly coveted at the royal court, as evidenced by the jewelry, amulets, and small vessels bearing royal names. Therefore, it is presumed that this cup was not intended as drinking ware. This is also supported by remnants of a black substance, which could likely be precious cosmetic products such as eye makeup.

The glass vessel was first depicted by Ippolito Rosellini in his "Monumenti" in 1834. The piece arrived in Europe in 1830 via the British collector Dodwell and was acquired by Ludwig I. for Munich.

Inscription
Hieroglyphs

Royal cartouche

Date
c. 1479–1425 BC, Thutmose III, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription)

material
Glass

Dimensions
Height x Diameter: 8.1 x 6.0 cm (total measurement)

Object-related numbers
Dodwell collection: 19,109

Provenance
Since 1970, Institution: State Museum of Egyptian Art

1949-1970, Institution: Egyptian Collection of the Bavarian State

1945-1949, Institution: Central Collecting Point

1935-1945, Institution: State Egyptian Collection, Munich

1920-1934, Institution: Museum of Ancient Small Art, Munich

1869-1920, Institution: (new) Royal Antiquarium

1844-1869, Collection: United collections of King Ludwig I.

1832-1844, Collection: Ludwig I. of Bavaria (1786-1886)

1820–1832 (?), Collection: Edward Dodwell (1767–1832), Rome (Italy)

Individuals / Institutions
Ludwig I.
United collections of Ludwig I.

Further information
https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/rosellini1834bd4_2/0065/image,info

credits
Data set: SMÄK, last editor (chronologically): Nora Heil; Bibliography: Anne-Hélène Perrot; Data editorial team: Jan-Michael Dahms.

Last change
08/25/2026, 10:08 AM

Title
Glass chalice with the throne name of Thutmosis II, c. 1479–1425 BC Thutmose III 18th Dynasty New Kingdom (Inscription), Findspot unknown Egypt, Glass, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/cup-vessel-open-vessels-529?sort=field=sortInv%26order=asc%26type=text&offset=155

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Hello, I am going to visit the GEM, and I am wondering if it's worth getting a guided tour to get the best experience or if its enough to read the descriptions. I also read that it is interactive, I would like some advice from someone who has been there, thank you in advance

I am doing a deep dive into the reign of Ramesses II and horses (such as the stables at Pi-Ramesses, etc) just for fun. I love New Kingdom Egypt and I love horses, so it's been a nice project for me.

I am seeking assistance with something, though. I keep seeing fleeting references to horse racing in Ancient Egypt, but nothing that is substantiated (although I am not a professional Egyptologist, I did do the whole humanities grad school thing, so I like my articles peer reviewed, footnoted to within an inch of its life, all that jazz). Doaa El-Shereef mentions it briefly in "Ancient Egyptian Sports and Fundamental Principles of Olympics" as something that was happening, and the Oxford Handbook of Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World says the Hittites were doing horse racing (when I'm not exactly sure, there are clear footnotes but I haven't chased them down yet). I also managed to find an article in Turkish that may crack this case wide open (if I could only read it!).

Do we think that the New Kingdom Egyptians, specifically in the reign of Ramesses II, were racing horses for pleasure/sport? I know that chariot horses were being trained for war/show; I'm assuming that Akhenaten's daily chariot rides/parades were probably still a thing during festivals, and that Ramesses took great pride in his horses and probably exercised/hunted/drilled with them regularly. And of course when the army went to pick up his first Hittite bride, it all involved thousands of horses and chariots and spectacle. So the bridge from war and spectacle to racing isn't that far of a leap, but do we know anything for sure?

Thanks for any help you can give me :)

So let's say I hypothetically want to write a letter to Hatshepsut that I want to invite her to eat at a Mcdonalds. What should I address her, what tone and syntax would be in such letters, and how long would said letters take to arrive?

Seated group of Sabu, his wife Meritites and their son Isebwer

Accession number
ÄS 7146

Current Location
Gallery "Art and Form"

Inscription
Hieroglyphs

Date
c. 2435–2306 BC, 5th Dynasty, Old Kingdom, Egypt (Parallel)

Material
Limestone
Wood, [under the feet of the child‎]

Technique
Painted

Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth: 56.0 x 36.0 x 30.0 cm

Geographic Origin
Unknown

Provenance
Since 1994, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1994, Auction / Dealer: Antikenhandel Heinz Herzer, München

Individuals / Institutions
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst

References
Goldsmith, Dora , Rundgang. Wie roch das Alte Ägypten? Ein Workshop zur Ältägyptischen Parfümerie mit Vortrag, Duftführung und Praxiseinheit, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 27, 2023, 40–49, cf. 43.
Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie, Statue - Titel - Platz in der Gesellschaft! Das Publikationsprojekt "Inschriften auf Statuen": ein Zwischenbericht, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 13–20, cf. 15.
Wildung, Dietrich, Genderrelevant. Das Frauenbild im Alten Ägypten, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 17, 2020, 46–51, cf. 46-47 mit Abb. 1-2.
Schoske, Sylvia, Mumien-Tabu, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 12, 2019, 2–8, cf. 4-5 mit Abb. 6.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Das Münchner Buch der Ägyptischen Kunst, München 2013, cf. 34 mit Abb., 41-42 mit Abb. 31, 42 mit Abb. 32, 43 mit Abb. 33.
Wildung, Dietrich / Schoske, Sylvia, Last Exit Munich - Altägyptische Meisterwerke aus Berlin, München 2009, cf. 70-71 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 55.
Tiradritti, Francesco (Hg.), Pharaonic renaissance: archaism and the sense of history in ancient Egypt, Budapest 2008, cf. 42-43 mit Abb., 168 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 8.
Malek, Jaromir / Magée, Diana / Miles, Elizabeth, PM. VIII. Topographical bibliography VIII/ Objects of provenance not known. Part I. Royal statues. Private statues (Predynastic to Dynasty XVII), Oxford 1999, cf. 254, Nr. 801-200-520.
Schoske, Sylvia (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie, Mainz am Rhein 1995, cf. 46, 120, Abb. S. 47, Kat.-Nr. 46.

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann.

Last change
16.09.2026, 13:21

Title
Seated group of Sabu, his wife Meritites and their son Isebwer,
c. 2435–2306 BC, 5th Dynasty, Old Kingdom, Egypt (Parallel), Findspot unknown, Limestone wood and paint, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/seated-statue-statuary-statue-149?sort=field=sortInv&order=asc&type=text

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Hey there, I’m writing a series of books set in the Amarna Period. Two are done so I guess, at this point, I’m committed. I got fed up of the way Akhenaten is treated like a prophet for modern day religions, so I wanted to show how his beliefs and changes fit into an ancient Egyptian context, and how people may have dealt with them. So in my narrative, while he is sympathetic, he is neither 100% good nor 100% bad.
I know lots of people into Ancient Egypt who actually seem to hate him. Oh well. But if you were interested in a fictional account of his life, what would you hope to get from it? What would you like? What would you hate?

Kneeling Statue (Statuary / Statue)

Kneeling statue with sistrum (sistrophore) of Senenmut, high steward of Amun, steward of Amun, overseer of the double granaries of Amun, treasurer of Amun, high steward of the King, Privy Councillor of the Imy-wer phyle , Privy Councillor in the temples, overseer of the temples of Neith and overseer of the fields of Amun

Accession number
ÄS 6265

Current Location
Gallery "Art and Time"

About the Object
The granite statue depicts the high official Senenmut as a so-called sistrophor. Senenmut kneels on a pedestal and holds a sistrum in front of his body with both hands – a musical instrument used in the cult of various goddesses, among other things. The cult instrument is elaborately designed: it consists of a Hathor head with a braided wig and cow horns over a knot amulet. Above it rises an architectural frame with stylized cow horns. In a central niche, a cryptogram of the throne name of Queen Hatshepsut (Maat-ka-Re) is depicted. The sistrum thus simultaneously refers to the goddess Hathor and to the queen to whom Senenmut served his career.

The depicted figure wears a long braided wig and a short chin beard. The face is idealized, however, with individual design features that are also found in other depictions of Senen-like figures. The finely modeled, youthful face is contrasted by a strong, full upper body. This body composition corresponds to the ancient Egyptian ideal image of a high-ranking dignitary.

Senenmut came from humble circumstances in Iuni, the modern Armant. Under Hatshepsut, he achieved an extraordinary social rise. He held numerous high offices, including the title of royal household steward and the tutor of her daughter Neferure. As a senior official, he was involved in several royal construction projects, including the terraced temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. His inscriptions list more than 80 titles. With around 25 surviving statues, Senenmut is often depicted more frequently than any other known non-royal figure of the New Kingdom.

His close connection to the royal workshops is likely to have also facilitated the development of new statue types. Several unusual image forms appear for the first time on his monuments. The Sistrophor belongs to the types that subsequently entered the repertoire of Egyptian round sculpture and were continued to be used into the Late Period. The statue thus not only illustrates Senenmut's outstanding position at the royal court, but also the innovation of the sculpture art under Hatshepsut.

At a time that is not precisely known today, Senenmut disappears from the written sources. Numerous of his monuments were later damaged or their inscriptions erased. It is presumed that Senenmut was pardoned by Hatshepsut, but the reasons for this are currently only speculated about.

(Arnulf Schlüter)

Inscription
Hieroglyphs

Date
c. 1479–1458 BC, Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription)

Material
Granite

Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth: 40.0 x 12.0 x 25.0 cm

Geographic Origin
Bibliographic reference: Armant, Upper Egypt, Egypt

Provenance
seit 1976, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1976, Auction / Dealer: Maspero, Paris
Auction / Dealer: Établissement Archéologique, Vaduz, Liechtenstein

Individuals / Institutions
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst

References
Persons and Names of the Middle Kingdom and early New Kingdom, Version 6 [accessed July 4, 2025] [Copyright 2024 Alexander Ilin-Tomich]
Konrad, Kirsten, Der Sistrophor. Zur Genese, bedeutung und Funktion eines theophoren Statuentypus der altägyptischen Privatplastik, Berlin 2026, cf. Kat. D18-3, 72- 77, 674.
Dahms, Jan-Michael, Exkurs. Senenmut. Erzieher der Königstochter Neferure, in: Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie / Schlüter, Arnulf unter Mitarbeit von Perrot, Anne-Hélène / Kutschka, Markus (Hg.), Kindheit am Nil. Aufwachsen im Alten Ägypten, München 2025, 90-91, cf. 90-91 mit Abb. 1.
Bicker, Roxane, Kulturgeschichte. Margaret Benson. Ausgrabungen in Karnak, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 30, 2024, 64–71, cf. Abb. 6 S. 68.
Wildung, Dietrich, Avantgarde. Drei innovative Statuentypen im SMÄK, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 24, 2022, 29–31, cf. 30 mit Abb. 2.
Böckler, Nadja, Altägyptische Kryptographie. Verborgene Inhalte hinter den Zeichen, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 25, 2022, 33–39, cf. 36-37 mit Abb. 5.
Willeitner, Joachim, Die Münchner Priesterstatue aus Achmim. Ein Umgearbeitetes Bildwerk der Späten 18. Dynastie, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 26–35, cf. 33-34 mit Abb. 12b.
Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie, Statue - Titel - Platz in der Gesellschaft! Das Publikationsprojekt "Inschriften auf Statuen": ein Zwischenbericht, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 13–20, cf. 15-16 mit Abb. 5, 17, 18.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Munich quality. Zur Erwerbungsphilosophie des Museums, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 16, 2020, 25–31, cf. 25-26 mit Abb. 1.
Wildung, Dietrich, Zerstört. Getilgt, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 12, 2019, 48–52, cf.
Selim, Hassan, A Fragment of the Hathor-head naos sistrum from a sistrophorous statue of Senenmut from Karnak, in: Coulon, Laurent (Hg.), La Cachette de Karnak: nouvelles perspectives sur les découvertes de Georges Legrain. Bibliothèque d'étude (BdE) 161, Kairo 2016, 249–254, cf. 250-251, Kat.-Nr. 5.
Loeben, Christian E., Un nouveau musée Égyptien à Munich, in: Égypte, Afrique & Orient 73, 2014, 49–56, cf.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Persönlichkeiten: Bildnisskulptur der Nachamarnazeit, Aegyptiaca Monacensia 1, Wien 2013, cf. 17, Abb. 14.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Das Münchner Buch der Ägyptischen Kunst, München 2013, cf. 90-91 mit Abb. 71-72.
Bernhauer, Edith, Innovationen in der Privatplastik: die 18. Dynastie und ihre Entwicklung, Philippika 27, Wiesbaden 2010, cf. Tf. 10, Kat.-Nr. 3.3-57.
Wildung, Dietrich / Schoske, Sylvia, Last Exit Munich - Altägyptische Meisterwerke aus Berlin, München 2009, cf. 28 mit Abb., 31, Kat.-Nr. 17.
Schoske, Sylvia, Fest gemauert in der Erden. Grundsteinbeigaben im alten Ägypten, München 2007-2008, cf. 28-29 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 37.
Roehrig, Catharine H. / Dreyfus, Renée / Keller, Catherine A. (Hg.), Hatshepsut: from Queen to Pharaoh, New York 2005, cf. Kat.-Nr. 68.
Grimm, Alfred / Schoske, Sylvia, Hatschepsut - KönigIN Ägyptens, Schriften aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung (SAS) 8, München 1999, cf. 55 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 10.
Schoske, Sylvia (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie, Mainz am Rhein 1995, cf. 6, Abb. S. 7, Kat.-Nr. 2.
Helck, Wolfgang, Historisch-biographische Texte der 2. Zwischenzeit und neue Texte der 18. Dynastie: Nachträge, Kleine ägyptische Texte 6/2, Wiesbaden 1995, cf. 35-36, Kat.-Nr. 11.
Schoske, Sylvia, Egyptian art in Munich, München 1993, cf. 26 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 21.
Wildung, Dietrich, Die Kunst des Alten Ägypten, Freiburg 1988, cf. 157.
Dorman, Peter, The monuments of Senenmut: problems in historical methodology, London 1988, cf. 127-128, 151, 194-195, Tf. 20, Kat.-Nr. A 17.
Schulman, Alan R. , The ubiquitous Senenmut, in: Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar (BES) 9, 1987-1988, 61-81, cf. 61-81.
Wildung, Dietrich, 1985. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 36, 1985, 17-38, cf. 20, 24 mit Abb. 10, 37 mit Anm. 23.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Ägyptische Kunst München. Katalog-Handbuch zur Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, München 1985, cf. 48-52 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 32.
Meyer, Christine, Senenmut. Eine prosopographische Untersuchung. Dissertation, Hamburger Ägyptologische Studien (HÄS) 2, Hamburg 1982, cf. 50, 219-222, 332-333, Tf. 7.
Wildung, Dietrich, Fünf Jahre. Neuerwerbungen der Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München 1976-1980, Mainz am Rhein 1980, cf. 18-19 mit Abb..
Wildung, Dietrich, 1977. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 28, 1977, 219-224, cf. 220-222 mit Abb. 2.
Bothmer, Bernard V., More statues of Senenmut, in: The Brooklyn Museum Annual 11, 1969-1970, 125-147, cf. 126, 134-139, Abb. 6-8.

Further information
https://pnm.uni-mainz.de/inscription/11750

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann.

Last change
01.09.2026, 14:45

Title
KneelingKneeling Statue (Statuary / Statue)

Kneeling statue with sistrum (sistrophore) of Senenmut, high steward of Amun, steward of Amun, overseer of the double granaries of Amun, treasurer of Amun, high steward of the King, Privy Councillor of the Imy-wer phyle , Privy Councillor in the temples, overseer of the temples of Neith and overseer of the fields of Amun

Accession number
ÄS 6265

Current Location
Gallery "Art and Time"

About the Object
The granite statue depicts the high official Senenmut as a so-called sistrophor. Senenmut kneels on a pedestal and holds a sistrum in front of his body with both hands – a musical instrument used in the cult of various goddesses, among other things. The cult instrument is elaborately designed: it consists of a Hathor head with a braided wig and cow horns over a knot amulet. Above it rises an architectural frame with stylized cow horns. In a central niche, a cryptogram of the throne name of Queen Hatshepsut (Maat-ka-Re) is depicted. The sistrum thus simultaneously refers to the goddess Hathor and to the queen to whom Senenmut served his career.

The depicted figure wears a long braided wig and a short chin beard. The face is idealized, however, with individual design features that are also found in other depictions of Senen-like figures. The finely modeled, youthful face is contrasted by a strong, full upper body. This body composition corresponds to the ancient Egyptian ideal image of a high-ranking dignitary.

Senenmut came from humble circumstances in Iuni, the modern Armant. Under Hatshepsut, he achieved an extraordinary social rise. He held numerous high offices, including the title of royal household steward and the tutor of her daughter Neferure. As a senior official, he was involved in several royal construction projects, including the terraced temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. His inscriptions list more than 80 titles. With around 25 surviving statues, Senenmut is often depicted more frequently than any other known non-royal figure of the New Kingdom.

His close connection to the royal workshops is likely to have also facilitated the development of new statue types. Several unusual image forms appear for the first time on his monuments. The Sistrophor belongs to the types that subsequently entered the repertoire of Egyptian round sculpture and were continued to be used into the Late Period. The statue thus not only illustrates Senenmut's outstanding position at the royal court, but also the innovation of the sculpture art under Hatshepsut.

At a time that is not precisely known today, Senenmut disappears from the written sources. Numerous of his monuments were later damaged or their inscriptions erased. It is presumed that Senenmut was pardoned by Hatshepsut, but the reasons for this are currently only speculated about.

(Arnulf Schlüter)

Inscription
Hieroglyphs

Date
c. 1479–1458 BC, Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription)

Material
Granite

Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth: 40.0 x 12.0 x 25.0 cm

Geographic Origin
Bibliographic reference: Armant, Upper Egypt, Egypt

Provenance
seit 1976, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1976, Auction / Dealer: Maspero, Paris
Auction / Dealer: Établissement Archéologique, Vaduz, Liechtenstein

Individuals / Institutions
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst

References
Persons and Names of the Middle Kingdom and early New Kingdom, Version 6 [accessed July 4, 2025] [Copyright 2024 Alexander Ilin-Tomich]
Konrad, Kirsten, Der Sistrophor. Zur Genese, bedeutung und Funktion eines theophoren Statuentypus der altägyptischen Privatplastik, Berlin 2026, cf. Kat. D18-3, 72- 77, 674.
Dahms, Jan-Michael, Exkurs. Senenmut. Erzieher der Königstochter Neferure, in: Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie / Schlüter, Arnulf unter Mitarbeit von Perrot, Anne-Hélène / Kutschka, Markus (Hg.), Kindheit am Nil. Aufwachsen im Alten Ägypten, München 2025, 90-91, cf. 90-91 mit Abb. 1.
Bicker, Roxane, Kulturgeschichte. Margaret Benson. Ausgrabungen in Karnak, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 30, 2024, 64–71, cf. Abb. 6 S. 68.
Wildung, Dietrich, Avantgarde. Drei innovative Statuentypen im SMÄK, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 24, 2022, 29–31, cf. 30 mit Abb. 2.
Böckler, Nadja, Altägyptische Kryptographie. Verborgene Inhalte hinter den Zeichen, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 25, 2022, 33–39, cf. 36-37 mit Abb. 5.
Willeitner, Joachim, Die Münchner Priesterstatue aus Achmim. Ein Umgearbeitetes Bildwerk der Späten 18. Dynastie, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 26–35, cf. 33-34 mit Abb. 12b.
Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie, Statue - Titel - Platz in der Gesellschaft! Das Publikationsprojekt "Inschriften auf Statuen": ein Zwischenbericht, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 13–20, cf. 15-16 mit Abb. 5, 17, 18.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Munich quality. Zur Erwerbungsphilosophie des Museums, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 16, 2020, 25–31, cf. 25-26 mit Abb. 1.
Wildung, Dietrich, Zerstört. Getilgt, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 12, 2019, 48–52, cf.
Selim, Hassan, A Fragment of the Hathor-head naos sistrum from a sistrophorous statue of Senenmut from Karnak, in: Coulon, Laurent (Hg.), La Cachette de Karnak: nouvelles perspectives sur les découvertes de Georges Legrain. Bibliothèque d'étude (BdE) 161, Kairo 2016, 249–254, cf. 250-251, Kat.-Nr. 5.
Loeben, Christian E., Un nouveau musée Égyptien à Munich, in: Égypte, Afrique & Orient 73, 2014, 49–56, cf.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Persönlichkeiten: Bildnisskulptur der Nachamarnazeit, Aegyptiaca Monacensia 1, Wien 2013, cf. 17, Abb. 14.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Das Münchner Buch der Ägyptischen Kunst, München 2013, cf. 90-91 mit Abb. 71-72.
Bernhauer, Edith, Innovationen in der Privatplastik: die 18. Dynastie und ihre Entwicklung, Philippika 27, Wiesbaden 2010, cf. Tf. 10, Kat.-Nr. 3.3-57.
Wildung, Dietrich / Schoske, Sylvia, Last Exit Munich - Altägyptische Meisterwerke aus Berlin, München 2009, cf. 28 mit Abb., 31, Kat.-Nr. 17.
Schoske, Sylvia, Fest gemauert in der Erden. Grundsteinbeigaben im alten Ägypten, München 2007-2008, cf. 28-29 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 37.
Roehrig, Catharine H. / Dreyfus, Renée / Keller, Catherine A. (Hg.), Hatshepsut: from Queen to Pharaoh, New York 2005, cf. Kat.-Nr. 68.
Grimm, Alfred / Schoske, Sylvia, Hatschepsut - KönigIN Ägyptens, Schriften aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung (SAS) 8, München 1999, cf. 55 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 10.
Schoske, Sylvia (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie, Mainz am Rhein 1995, cf. 6, Abb. S. 7, Kat.-Nr. 2.
Helck, Wolfgang, Historisch-biographische Texte der 2. Zwischenzeit und neue Texte der 18. Dynastie: Nachträge, Kleine ägyptische Texte 6/2, Wiesbaden 1995, cf. 35-36, Kat.-Nr. 11.
Schoske, Sylvia, Egyptian art in Munich, München 1993, cf. 26 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 21.
Wildung, Dietrich, Die Kunst des Alten Ägypten, Freiburg 1988, cf. 157.
Dorman, Peter, The monuments of Senenmut: problems in historical methodology, London 1988, cf. 127-128, 151, 194-195, Tf. 20, Kat.-Nr. A 17.
Schulman, Alan R. , The ubiquitous Senenmut, in: Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar (BES) 9, 1987-1988, 61-81, cf. 61-81.
Wildung, Dietrich, 1985. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 36, 1985, 17-38, cf. 20, 24 mit Abb. 10, 37 mit Anm. 23.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Ägyptische Kunst München. Katalog-Handbuch zur Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, München 1985, cf. 48-52 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 32.
Meyer, Christine, Senenmut. Eine prosopographische Untersuchung. Dissertation, Hamburger Ägyptologische Studien (HÄS) 2, Hamburg 1982, cf. 50, 219-222, 332-333, Tf. 7.
Wildung, Dietrich, Fünf Jahre. Neuerwerbungen der Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München 1976-1980, Mainz am Rhein 1980, cf. 18-19 mit Abb..
Wildung, Dietrich, 1977. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 28, 1977, 219-224, cf. 220-222 mit Abb. 2.
Bothmer, Bernard V., More statues of Senenmut, in: The Brooklyn Museum Annual 11, 1969-1970, 125-147, cf. 126, 134-139, Abb. 6-8.

Further information
https://pnm.uni-mainz.de/inscription/11750

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann.

Last change
01.09.2026, 14:45

Title
Kneeling statue with sistrum (sistrophore) of Senenmut, high steward of Amun, steward of Amun, overseer of the double granaries of Amun, treasurer of Amun, high steward of the King, Privy Councillor of the Imy-wer phyle , Privy Councillor in the temples, overseer of the temples of Neith and overseer of the fields of Amun, c. 1479–1458 BC, Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription), Findspot Bibliographic reference: Armant, Upper Egypt, Granite, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/kneeling-statue-statuary-statue-525?sort=field=sortInv&order=asc&type=text

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

statue with sistrum (sistrophore) of Senenmut, high steward of Amun, steward of Amun, overseer of the double granaries of Amun, treasurer; of Amun, high steward of the King, Privy Councillor of the Imy-wer phyle , Privy Councillor in the temples, overseer of the temples of Neith and overseer of the fields of Amun, c. 1479–1458 BC, Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription), Findspot Bibliographic reference: Armant, Upper Egypt, Granite, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/kneeling-statue-statuary-statue-525?sort=field=sortInv&order=asc&type=text

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

I'm not sure if discussion is the correct tag? But I'm making a mummy character based on Egyptian culture because ever since I was a child I was really interested in the culture.. unfortunately I've never gotten deeply into it, so I want to take this opportunity to learn more about it. Do you guys have resources I could check out that are kind of a fast read? I appreciate long articles or books, but for the project I'd really like something that's short.

My character is also a female pharaoh, so maybe a lot of stuff around that if possible? I'm curious about how they lived and stuff to build a character around that. I'm having a bit of a hard time finding information about female pharaohs in particular, probably because I suck at searching AND there weren't many female pharaohs.

Rant over, please help!!

FACT (ESTIMATES ASIDE)

So there's a "1.5 mile" deep canyon under the Nile according to Randall Carlson (based on out of date data, It seems to not actually be this deep but indeed there is a canyon under the Nile. This is fact)

THEORY

....and there is also supposedly artificial structures or deep cutouts found (supposedly) under the pyramids of Giza ( recent lidar scans show multiple vertical tunnels dug down into the rock) that are reportedly 650 meters deep......and the structures are claimed to be around 38,000 years old....so did they dig them from the side of the canyon up? Rather than from the pyramid down?

I can't really see why you would dig shafts that deep under the pyramids should these scans be proven true. Could it be to draw water up into the pyramid from the canyon?

It's highly interesting that they both have the same sort of measurements of depth.

Carlson seems to be quoting older models suggested that the Mediterranean sea messinian salinity crisis caused a drop of sea level by 1500 meters - the empty bath tub theory - but a "2022 study that carefully restored the buried Nile canyon to its original shape" suggests the actual drop was ......around 600 meters, coincidence?

If like me you had no idea there was a canyon under Cario and the Nile please view the video titled:

"The hidden grand canyon beneath the Nile river"

On youtube. It's fascinating.

So was the canyon used to dig these tunnels many thousands of years before the pyramids themselves were built? (Probably not no but it's a cool idea)

Experience the timeless magic of ancient Egypt in this continuous, uncut shot of a horse-drawn carriage ride across the Giza Plateau. 🐪✨

During this journey, we travel between two of the great pyramids, surrounded by the monumental structures that have stood for thousands of years. The steady rhythm of the horse, the movement of the carriage, and the breathtaking scale of these ancient wonders make this a unique way to experience one of the world's most iconic archaeological sites.

No cuts, no interruptions—just an immersive journey through history, capturing the atmosphere and grandeur of the Pyramids of Giza.

📍 Location: Giza Plateau, Giza, Egypt

🎥 Video: Juan Pablo Ocampo

If you could travel anywhere in ancient history, would Egypt be your first destination?