​

Before Persians started claiming everything as “Persian,” this style of clothing was traditionally worn by the Qashqai and some other Turkic tribes, such as the Bichagchi, Nafar, Inanlu, and Baharlu, as well as some southern Lurs in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, who are also traditionally nomadic. This hat(Börk), however, is unique to the Qashqai and is a distinctive part of their identity.

This outfit was traditionally associated with nomadic and tribal communities, not urban Persians.

atawrapper

The Ramadan observance surveys were only conducted among the people who self identified as Muslim, thus excluding non-Muslim populations

(conducted in 2022,2024,2025)