r/Kombucha • • Sep 18 '21

what's wrong!? Is it mold? Is it normal? What's growing in your kombucha? Start here!

577 Upvotes

Welcome to r/Kombucha! If you're wondering what's growing on your kombucha and if it's normal, you've come to the right place.

Please review this information before posting a picture of your batch to the subreddit.

TL;DR:

  • Dry + fuzzy on the surface of the liquid/pellicle/SCOBY is most likely mold: mold pics https://imgur.com/a/SzhysHi
  • Geometric growths or wrinkly patterns on the surface of the liquid/pellicle/SCOBY could be kahm yeast: kahm pics https://imgur.com/a/XlnO7Ox
  • Anything else and anything under the liquid level is most likely normal: normal pics https://imgur.com/a/HJaENDv
  • If you're not sure, wait a few more days: mold or kahm will get more obvious as they grow, normal will stay about the same or form into new pellicle/SCOBY
  • If the kombucha is already bottled for carbonation (commonly called second ferment or 2F), mold/kahm is very unlikely due to the high acidity and lack of oxygen access.
  • Always use at least 2 cups of starter per gallon (125ml/L) when making kombucha to acidify the batch: high acidity (pH < 4.6) protects the kombucha from mold and kahm.
  • Read our getting started guide for brewing tips: https://www.reddit.com/r/kombucha/wiki/how_to_start

Terminology: in this guide, "pellicle/SCOBY" refers to the rubbery blob that forms at the surface of a batch of kombucha. SCOBY stands for "symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast", and those bacteria + yeast are found both in the liquid kombucha and in the solid rubbery blob. The rubbery blob's more accurate scientific name is "pellicle": it's a biofilm/mat of bacterial cellulose secreted by and connected to the bacteria forming it (some yeast also live in the pellicle). Culturally, however, the term "SCOBY" widely refers to the pellicle so this guide uses both terms.

Read more about pellicles here:

Diagnostic Quiz

1 ) Is the growth/odd thing on the top surface (exposed to air) of the liquid kombucha or existing pellicle/SCOBY?

  • Yes - go to 2
  • No - go to 8

2 ) Is the kombucha already bottled for carbonation (commonly called second ferment or 2F)?

  • Yes - likely pellicle/SCOBY growth (it can happen in 2F!) or a yeast cluster. Mold/kahm are extremely rare in 2F due to the high acidity (pH <4.2) and lack of oxygen access (required for mold to grow). Booch on!
  • No - go to 3

3 ) Is the growth dry and fuzzy looking with white or green color, and/or with black spores growing out of it?

  • Yes - likely mold. Go to Mold section for pictures.
  • No - go to 4

4 ) Is the growth a wrinkly or geometric pattern, very rough patterned surface, or very large air-y bubbles that cover large areas of the surface?

  • Yes - likely kahm yeast. Go to Kahm section for pictures.
  • No - go to 5

5 ) Is the growth one of: white/translucent + wet, disconnected oily/patchy sections, or a thin film with bubbles trapped underneath?

  • Yes - likely normal pellicle/SCOBY growth. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - go to 6

6 ) Is the growth flat, leathery, and brown?

  • Yes - likely a dried out pellicle/SCOBY area. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - go to 7

7 ) Is the the growth brown/black, wet, and partially/completely surrounded by pellicle/SCOBY?

  • Yes - likely a yeast cluster. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - probably normal, but review all Normal, Kahm, and Mold pictures to be safe.

8 ) Is the growth/odd thing completely submerged in liquid?

  • Yes - likely yeast. Yeast can form dark brown clumps in the liquid or on the pellicle/SCOBY, or alien-like formations suspended in the liquid. Mold and kahm cannot grow beneath the surface of the liquid without also showing on the surface exposed to air. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - go to 2

Normal

Gallery of normal kombucha: https://imgur.com/a/HJaENDv

Pellicles/SCOBYs have a ton of natural variation. A normal pellicle/SCOBY should look wet, tan/white/translucent, and be mostly smooth (some bumps are normal). There may also be wet brown/black yeast blobs that attach to the liquid side of the pellicle/SCOBY, get absorbed into the pellicle/SCOBY, or float around inside the liquid.

Mold

Gallery of mold: https://imgur.com/a/SzhysHi

Mold occurs when the kombucha is not acidic enough (pH < 4.6) to prevent mold organisms from growing. Other factors that make mold more likely are unsanitary conditions and cold brewing temperatures (<65F/18C).

If there is mold on your batch:

  • You must throw away everything (liquid + pellicle/SCOBY) and start from scratch with fresh starter tea. By the time mold is visible on the surface of the brew, it has already contaminated the entire batch.
  • Sanitize the vessel, cloth cover, and any utensils used in brewing with a homebrew sanitizing solution (StarSan, OneStep, SaniClean, potassium metabisulfite, etc) or throughly wash with soap + hot water followed by a pasteurized distilled vinegar rinse (no raw vinegar, which contains live microbe cultures).

To prevent mold, the most important thing is to use at least 2 cups of starter tea per 1 gallon of kombucha (125ml per L) to acidify the batch. Starter tea is mature kombucha: either from a previous batch (yours or a friend's), from a SCOBY hotel, or from raw/unflavored/unpasteurized commercial kombucha such as GTs or Health-Ade.

This amount of starter tea is a good rule of thumb for safe acidity: if you have a pH meter or strips, check that the starting pH is <4.6. Another important factor is maintaining clean/sanitary brewing practices: however, because kombucha is an open air ferment some mold organisms may get in even with a cloth cover, which is why acidity is also important.

Kahm Yeast

Gallery of kahm: https://imgur.com/a/XlnO7Ox

“Kahm” is a generic term for many species of usually non-harmful but also non-desirable wild yeast that can take hold in kombucha (outcompete the kombucha culture) and appear as surface growths on the the pellicle/SCOBY. Kahm often looks geometric or wrinkly vs the smooth/bumpy normal pellicle/SCOBY.

See this excellent writeup about the science of kahm yeast from u/daileta in r/fermentation: https://www.reddit.com/r/fermentation/comments/ytg2vy/kahm_down/ Their post is focused on lacto fermented vegetables (not kombucha) but is worth a read.

Kahm itself isn’t usually dangerous, but to quote our resident food microbiologist u/Albino_Echidna: “Kahm is a term used to lump a whole bunch of unwanted yeasts together, all of which are indicative of an unsafe fermentation environment. Kahm growth is indicative of a fermentation gone wrong. 'Kahm' itself isn’t harmful, but it is a warning sign that your environment wasn’t quite right and will be at higher risk of pathogenic growth as a result."

If your batch has kahm, it is up to you whether to toss + sanitize + start over with fresh starter kombucha or to try to scrape off the kahm from the surface and continue brewing. It is always safest to toss and restart - see the instructions in the Mold section.

To help prevent kahm, use at least 2 cups of starter tea per 1 gallon of kombucha (125ml per L) to strongly establish the kombucha culture and acidify the batch. Kahm may also be related to unsanitary conditions, high brewing temperature (>85F/30C), or oversteeping tea (>1hr, but may vary).

Further reading: https://www.reddit.com/r/kombucha/wiki/whats_wrong

If you still aren’t sure after comparing your batch to the pictures here, please make a post and ask!


r/Kombucha • • 3d ago

r/Kombucha Weekly No Stupid Questions + Open Discussion (October 12, 2026)

1 Upvotes

This is a casual space for the r/Kombucha community to hang out: feel free to post about anything kombucha or brewing related. Questions from new brewers are especially welcome - no question is too big or too small!

New to kombucha? Check out our getting started guide and FAQ.


r/Kombucha • • 6h ago

question Day six of making first kombucha with kombucha from the store. Is it looking good so far?

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13 Upvotes

Here are the pictures. I don't have a picture from what it looked like in the beginning but I can say with certainty that it definetily looked a shade darker before. It's also gotten a bit more...opaque? Like, I can't see my hand if I put it behind the jar. It also seems like the slightest bit thicker, more syruppy (well, what with the sugar I guess kombucha kind of is a syrup lol)

Anyway, here's what I did:

- Boil 1 L of water with 100 grams of sugar and 3 bags of decaf green tea (I'm sensitive to caffeine).

- Let it cool down completely to room temperature.

- Add 200 grams of storebought raw kombucha. I made sure to check the label to see if it was unpasteurised and had a live culture.

- Let it sit. I stirred with a clean bamboo stick everyday to make sure the culture could easily access and eat the sugar.

It kinda smells like my Sourdough starter on a good day. It's been steadily 20 to 20,5 degrees celsius inside the house.

I'm a bit scared to do a taste test though, and I don't have a PH-meter yet. What do you guys think, can I taste test or should I wait some more days? Any thoughts on the pellicle forming on the second picture?


r/Kombucha • • 9m ago

pellicle Update on my f1 trying to create a scoby

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• Upvotes

last week post

This was last week

This is this week update

I kept it at 27°c

And undisputed

It is full of bubbles

I feel so happy about the progress (unless someone will notice anything wrong i would really appreciate it)

Can't wait untill it is ready

When can i tell ?

One of them with the large pulp it smells like kombucha

The other one i can't describe it


r/Kombucha • • 1h ago

what's wrong!? Are we going to be ok?

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• Upvotes

So, this is my second batch. The first one was small because I'd only gotten a small amount of starter liquid from someone. I think it was about 100mL, and I added maybe 600mL sweet tea to be safe. Left it for 10 days, bottled some, and left about 300mL to ferment a bit further before adding 3L sweet tea for the second batch.

When making the tea, I forgot to take out the bags (green tea) in time, so it was a bit on the stronger side. Now I went to check on day 8, and there are little tiny greenish specks visible on the new SCOBY (which has otherwise formed beautifully). I'm afraid I'm going to have to start over. And I've been really mindful of hygiene, I cleaned everything that touched the kombucha thoroughly. So I am still hoping the green spots are tea residue or yeast 🤞🏻 I'll check it again in 2 days and take out the SCOBY for close inspection.


r/Kombucha • • 19h ago

Scaled up to 10 L and it went sour fast. Too little sugar?

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11 Upvotes

Hey all, third batch here and first time going big.
My first two small batches were great. About 90 g sugar per liter, green tea, sweet and sour by day 7 or so. Loved them.
Then I moved to a 10 L jar and went with the wiki ratio instead, so roughly 60 g/L (cane sugar this time). Day 6 now and it's really sour with zero sweetness, a bit bitter, and the new pellicle is super thin. No mold, smells fine.
I'm guessing it's just the lower sugar? Should I add sugar to the jar now, or just bottle it today and sweeten the bottles? And is a thin pellicle in a wide jar normal?
Next batch I'm going back to 90 g/L. Thanks!


r/Kombucha • • 18h ago

beautiful booch Hyperactive sunflower honey/pollen/butterfly pea/lemongrass/jiaogulan bucha

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6 Upvotes

Check out the video to see what happens when you use simple sugars like honey (which has minimal sucrose).

The fermentation is extremely fast and hyperactive. This is using 180 grams of raw sunflower honey added after the "tea" is cooled for about 7 Liters of water. After 6-7 days at 26.5-28C all of the sugar is completely fermented out leaving a nice acidic taste similar to acidity of GT's kombucha. Imperceptible taste of vinegar since sunflower honey is 70% glucose.

This is about 10 hours after poring, I had about 700ml of starter in there.

What's also interesting is that its VERY LOUD. It sounds like something is being fried on a frying pan. I can hear it buzz from 30 feet away across the living room. Unfortunately you cant hear it in the video due to noise cancellation on the phone.

The particles you see floating around and the cake at the top is fermenting bee pollen. Fermenting it with kombucha makes the bioactives in it about 10 times more bio-available. It does end up being mixed into the pellice, however you can just pour before the pellice forms. The pellice does not form right away due to all the CO2 and the activity, it only starts forming near the end of the fermentation when there isn't much disturbance at the top layer. The downside of the pellicle mixing with the pollen is that you either need to clean the pollen off to eat it or to eat the whole pellicle.

Also it makes absolutely no difference in anything when you switch your culture to something else. Previous brew was rooibos using pure dextrose as a sugar source. The one before that was tarragon with dextrose. Now its sunflower honey, USDA organic bee pollen, butterfly pea flower, lemongrass, jiaogulan, cinnamon, green cardamon, start anise mixed together. I've done other variants of different herbs and spices in different containers and there is also 0 difference when switching either the carbon source to any fermentable sugar or even fiber, nor is there any noticeable difference with whatever was used to make the tea.

I've done a couple brews with just inulin, however the taste was not that great as inulin is mostly fructose so there was next to no glucose derived acids which produce good taste and too much vinegar. Carbonation was also impossible due to there being no yeast activity since yeast cannot metabolise inulin.


r/Kombucha • • 14h ago

Any non carbonated kombucha?

2 Upvotes

Has anyone ever found any non carbonated kombucha. The carbonation messes with my heartburn sometimes. Thanks!


r/Kombucha • • 15h ago

First Scoby! Does it look right?

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2 Upvotes

This is my first time attempting to make kombucha and this is my scoby. Is it okay that there are holes in the scoby? Also, is it okay that I peeled one of the layers off?? (The brown stuff is cinnamon, not mold)


r/Kombucha • • 13h ago

flavor What best fruits you would like to add in F2?

1 Upvotes

My favorite fruits so far are apples, particularly banana flavored apples.


r/Kombucha • • 14h ago

Best thermometer for a large container?

1 Upvotes

I have a large dispenser that I use to make 4 gallons at a time, and it's textured, so one of those thermometer strips won't attached well to the vessel. Any other suggestions to help me keep track of the temp accurately?


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

f2

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27 Upvotes

r/Kombucha • • 17h ago

flavor Suggestions on how to use dried Mirto/Myrtle for 2F

1 Upvotes

i was recently in Sardinia and loved the liquor Mirto they make. i found some dried myrtle berries in a store and bought them and want to flavor my 2F with them. how would you suggest using them and should i add another flavor to it?


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

question First time brewing, does this look right/ok??

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16 Upvotes

Hi! This is our first time home brewing kombucha and I’m trying to be chill about it lol. Does this look right? Today is day 6 so we are planning on doing the taste test tomorrow as long as others think it looks correct and safe. I know the top is supposed to form a growth but I want to make sure it doesn’t look like any mold or anything to be concerned about. I also feel like there is a lot more growth within the brew from the scoby than what I see in other pictures in this subreddit…. Any feedback welcome and if you think something looks off please let me know!!!


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

what's wrong!? Diagnose no carbonation in 2F

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17 Upvotes

Hello I am trying to diagnose an issue with my 2F. Specifically my 2F failed to carbonate at all.

These have been sitting out since 10/7 which should be plenty of time for a live culture with enough sugar to carbonate sufficiently in sealed bottles. I haven't done any burping, and today upon inspection there appears to be zero carbonation or gas build up whatsoever in this batch.

Seal problem?

These are swing top bottles from Amazon, I've ran a couple successful batches through these already with no sealing issues however I went back and read a couple negative reviews that reported poor seals. With that said those two on the end are totally random swing top's that I already had when I started brewing and they've also worked in the past w/o issue, so I'm using them as a soft control to say that it's not a seal issue. Also turning these bottles over they don't leak at all.

Temperature problem?

It's colder in my garage as fall comes and could have slowed down the fermentation process, however with absolutely no carbonation or gas build up, it feels like there aren't any reactions happening in the bottle. Could affect it though I guess.

Sugar problem?

I use 1.5 cups of sugar in my initial batch of 1F and only allow two weeks of fermentation, there should be plenty of sugar for 2F on top of the juices I already add for flavor.

Culture problem?

My last thought, and most likely based on the fact that to my observation it doesn't appear there is any reaction taking place (if one or more other issues were happening, it would slow down fermentation or reduce gas build up, but you'd see some gas or a little right?) because there seems to be no gas built up at all, no carbonation, no fizz when I open the bottles up for the first time in almost a week... the culture must have died somehow.

The four flavors shown are pineapple ginger, cran-razz ginger, hibiscus rose ginger, and apple cider. Two of those flavors I had to heat the tea/cider before mixing, though I allowed ample time for cooling the heated fluids and even left them in the fridge to do so. So I don't think I killed the culture from mixing something too hot...

Consensus?

What do you guys think happened? Is there a factor I'm not considering, some other unknown?

To me it seems like a dead culture causing the lack of carbonation.

TLDR

Trying to diagnose why my 2F is not carbonating. I think maybe dead culture, although not certain.


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

what's wrong!? Mold??

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1 Upvotes

r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

not mold Can this be right or is it mold?

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6 Upvotes

I’m sure newbies asked this all the time but I’m genuinely concerned by the look of this…


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

question Any issue with a starting pH of 3.5 for F1?

1 Upvotes

I let my original batch of F1 go for too long and the pH was at about 2.5 and tasted quite vinegary. So I used 1 cup as a strong starter for the next batch with 5 cups of sweet black tea, and the starting pH was about 3.5 or a little lower. I know the recommended starting pH is 4.0-4.2, but is there any issue with a low starting pH? Does the fermentation slow down if it’s already at what a typical finished F1 pH would be? I plan to shorten F1 to about 5-6 days at a temp of 78F. Thanks!


r/Kombucha • • 2d ago

what's wrong!? first time: maybe kahm?

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3 Upvotes

Could this be kahm? First time making kombucha from scratch and been searching here and online for how to distinguish kahm from just baby scoby doing its thing and still in doubt
Any advice welcome!


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

First Time Brewer

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1 Upvotes

My kombucha looks all sorts of weird. Can someone help me identify these different parts of my scoby? I have two currently brewing. Unsure if it is moldy or kahm yeast. Any advice on how to avoid this in the future? Where do you put your kombucha to ferment? Mine was on top of my kitchen fridge. None of it is fuzzy


r/Kombucha • • 2d ago

kahm! Is this Kahm yeast?

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3 Upvotes

Hi everyone, this is my very first time brewing Kombucha, and this is what my first fermentation looks like right now. After going down a google rabbit hole, I think it might be Kahm yeast due to the texture, but it moves like a scoby?

Also if this is Kahm can I just scoop it out?


r/Kombucha • • 2d ago

This is still safe, right?

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7 Upvotes

I left the starter tea and Scoby in the cupboard for about 2 months. And this is what it's looking like. I didn't add sugar or anything to feed it.


r/Kombucha • • 2d ago

not mold Kahm? :(

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1 Upvotes

This is scoby hotel, ~6 months old. Black tea and sugar only.

I read through Is it mold? Is it normal? What's growing in your kombucha? Start here! but there is such a wide variety images.


r/Kombucha • • 2d ago

question 1F - Glass Jar with a Metal (?) Spout

1 Upvotes

Hi, a thrift store near me is selling a glass jar that has a metal spout built into it. Not very uncommon, I've seen them on here from time to time.

The jar has been there for a while (no surprise, they have it priced at a whopping $25) but its a nice looking jar and it would be very handy. I'm not sure if the spout is metal (or what type) or if it's plastic with a metal "leaf" over it. If it's plastic I probably wouldnt get it, or I'd replace it. I'll probably need to replace the seal, regardless.

The metal being in contact with the brew constantly, could this affect the brew at all?


r/Kombucha • • 2d ago

question Should I split my scoby or keep it "big" ?

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26 Upvotes

I'm using this scoby this ~1 year, re-filling it with cold black tea + sugar each week. I started with a thin-1-layer scoby, and now it has many layers.

Is it OK to keep it like this, with the many layers ? Or should I split it by removing some layers ?