I am a teenager living in America and am half Rajasthani and had this weekend with no homework so I decided to do something, I spent about 6 hours reading this text in Grierson's Survey of Rajasthani back in the 1908 I believe, there was a section in Jaina Nagari, an old Western indo Aryan Script, for a while I had thought the only script Rajasthan had was Mahajani which didn't have vowels and was a merchant shorthand, but this script had full vowels and matras. So I spent those 6 hours decoding the sound of each letter though the transliteration Grierson had provided on the next page. Happy to say after 12 hours of work I made a typable version of the script. It is a font of the Gujarati script which I know is not the most optimal but was the easiest option.

Rajasthani as a language is a sister language from Gujarati, both descending from Marugurjari, diverging in the 1500s, the Rajasthani language was systematically pressured into assimilation into the newly formed language that was rising in popularity across central parts of newly independent India, Hindi. Hence the Rajasthani script, Jaina Nagari (also known as Marugurjari Lipi), was overwritten by the Hindi script of Devanagari and was never properly recorded, there are multiple variations of this script, I used the variation Grierson had from Central-Western Rajasthan. I am going to include the link for where I decoded the script from (with aid from the transliteration), and the alphabet with the Gujarati correspondents and a generic Gujarati alphabet so you all can see what sounds each letter makes, for the the letters I made I wrote out their pronounciation.

Letters I made

-Tsa, the sound like in tsunami, it is very common in other languages such as Marathi and we do not have many words using it but certain dialects use it for their auxiliary, the word for is, normally, is chhe or saie but in certain dialects becomes a tse.
-Gka is a weird in between g and k sound that sounds like a deeper g to some and to others like a kh, an example from my dialect is Sagla (which means all), whilst spelled sagla due to devanagari lacking this letter, is pronounced Sakgla because the word it comes from is sanskrit word Sakala, since I made this letter up it is harder to type it as a standard Gujarati character, must be typed as holding down alt pressing plus then typing 0ABB
-Sna is quite common in sanskrit tatsam loans so it is easier to have a word for it, must be typed as holding down alt pressing plus then typing 0AB1
 -Dja is very common in daily vernacular, the word for husband's younger brother's sister is Djyorani must be typed as holding down alt pressing plus then typing 0ABC
-Rda is just a retroflex r which is more drawn out compared to a retroflex d, must be typed as a must be typed as holding down alt pressing plus then typing 0ABD
-Ika a vowel I came up with based on the the avagraha, in old Rajasthani the word for this many was Ataare, my dialect pronounces the word as Ataa'a but spells it Ataare, the a and the end of the a has a glottal stop, meaning there used to be a consonant there that is not pronounced anymore and has a distinct sound that doesn't sound like it normal aa, it's an aa'. This sound is quite common in my dialect at least so I decided to turn it into a vowel, the vowel form itself is never written in writing in the script is how I designed it, but for reference if you do want to write it, it would be written as the short I vowel (I deleted that vowel since any reference of it was absent in the script I decoded and replaced it with Ika), if you were writing Ataare you would write it as so and put the Ika matra (the rr matra is the slot I put this in) under the r in Ataare and drop the e so it would be pronounced as Ataa'.

Letters I found
-Vba and -Vbha are the in between V-b sounds, very frequent in Rajasthani, even though we spell bride as Bindani or Vindani but it is pronounced as Vbindani, Bai (lady) is more so pronounced is Vbai, Vahi Patar (accounting books) as Vbahi Patar, and Bahu (Daughter in law) as Vbau, Bhire (this is very limited to my dialect it seems, it means between) as Vbhire. Vba must be typed as  and Vbha must be typed as holding down alt pressing plus then typing 0ABB and 0ABA respectively.
-Hu is a vowel while Ha is a consonant, in most Brahmi derived scripts, Ra is a consonant but Ru is a vowel and same with L, La is consonant but Lu is a vocalic vowel, this script does that to H as well and there is a distinct matra (vowel marker) for H as well, the matra must be typed as if it were the Gujarati chandra o matra and the vowel itself as if it were the Gujarati chandra e vowel

If anyone is interested I can send over the .otf file!
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.95521/page/n83/mode/2up page 63 (or 83 on the slider since it is 20 ahead)
https://www.easygujaratityping.com/gujarati/alphabet the generic Gujarati alphabet
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1drnEwDQLHwGusM-FagENXnmnSvwkl2hgKLruGGuHOLo/edit?usp=sharing This is the Marugurjari Alphabet since apperently we cannot put images on here directly.

From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma_language#

There are no citations for the things highlighted in the image and I couldn't find any of those things searching online. Secondly the text on the second image blatantly contradicts the first image and itself:

"originally spoke a Tibeto-Burman language belonging to the Jingpo-Luish branch", "contains abundant vocabulary items that belong neither to Indo-Aryan nor Tibeto-Burman linguistic groups, likely originating from their ancestral language".

Jingpo-Luish itself is Sino-Tibetan, it's a blatant contradiction to state that a Jingpo-Luish substrate means having vocabulary that is from another substrate altogether.

If these claims do actually have no sources, I'd like to know at the very least how this misinformation came about.

**Hello everyone,**

I am a [**B.Tech**](http://B.Tech) **student** currently working on a research project to computationally analyze and decode the **Indus Valley Script & TN Graffiti**, specifically looking into its potential relationship with the **Megalithic graffiti marks found in Tamil Nadu** (such as Keezhadi and Kodumanal).

*(To clarify upfront: I am not a PhD or an academic professor, just a highly motivated engineering student looking to apply modern technology to historical mysteries!)*

🤖 **What I Bring to the Table**

My background is in Engineering, and I am highly proficient in **Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning**. I can handle the entire technical pipeline, including:

* Building and formatting the digital image/text datasets. * Applying Computer Vision for sign recognition and clustering. * Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and statistical models to analyze sign frequencies, positional probabilities, and syntax patterns.

🧠 **What I Need (Where You Come In)**

While I can build the algorithms, **I do not have a background in Linguistics or Epigraphy.** I am looking for a fellow student, hobbyist, or academic researcher who can bridge this gap.

I need someone who can help with:

* **Linguistic Context:** Understanding Dravidian, Indo-Aryan, or general historical linguistics. * **Epigraphical Guidance:** Helping interpret sign directions, variants, and historical scripts (like Tamil-Brahmi). * **Domain Validation:** Ensuring the data inputs and AI outputs make historical and linguistic sense, and vetting our hypotheses against existing academic literature.

📅 **Project Goals**

This is currently a collaborative research project born out of passion, but the ultimate goal is to co-author a high-quality research paper, develop an open-source digital humanities tool, or present our findings at a conference.

If you have the linguistic knowledge and want to see how advanced AI can be used to unlock the secrets of the Indus Valley and ancient Tamil Nadu, please comment below or **send me a Direct Message (DM)**!

Let's combine data science and history to see what we can discover.

Referring to India's capital. On wiki and newspaper article, I could gather multiple stories, however, none with actual proof. 1. King Dhillu or Dilu in 50 BCE

1. Dhili/Dhila (Loose in Prakrit and hindustani) pillar

2. Dil meaning eminence!!

3. Dehleez to Dehli

History is proper from 1000 CE onwards of Tomar rule. However, before that everything is just hearsay. Mahabharat connection is most BS theory as none archeological evidence even suggest that! There is mention of Ashoka pillar in the area, but no mention of city name.

I am looking for this word's roots, origin from before of 1000 CE. Any mention in inscription, literature witty references will be helpful.

Also, there is no clarity on when the city was established. Exact time period and ruling clan, language influence will also help!

First such are gandharans .

Second one are more underrated- those who inhibited The Westernmost part of indo aryan sphere- in modern day baluchistan and southern Afghanistan.

Greeks called their land Gedrosia. Coastal region of it is called makaran( makara is vahan of varun and symbolises Sea). they have documented the people named Ichthyophagi( fish eaters) though demographic composition here would be diverse than fishermen. One of shaktipeeth of hinglaj maa plus many hindu shrines are here.

The upper part of that region = kachhi plains to bolan- helmand valley was most likely inhibited by camel rearers ( earliest camel domestication and introduction of dromedary camels to south asia is attributed to pirak site here. modern remainants of those IAs are Jadgals ( jad mean camel herder, gali means language) . The Jaths recent migrants from here to kutch sindh. And Earliest to depart from here the Rabāris - too stemm from here ; and are still involved in camel herding.

Greek accounts don't give much info on people of 2nd part but we know that vrāchhaḍa prakrit was spoken here on basis of prakritsarvasva of markdendya and hemchandrayacharya suri's works. Scholar budhhaprakash argues this region was under rule of pakkusatti/ pushkarin of gandhara janpada and resisted achaemenid invasions successfully.

Most of these indo aryans either migrated to sindh and GJ RJ or assimilated into iranic baluchs who came here later from caspian sea.